Antibiotics are used to kill bacteria and stop infections from spreading, but they can also suppress the immune system and reduce the symptoms of HS. When used to treat HS, they are taken over a longer time period.

They can be applied directly to the skin (topical antibiotics) or taken by mouth as tablets (systemic antibiotics).

Antiseptic treatments work to kill bacteria on your skin to prevent it from spreading. These may come in the form of an antibacterial wash, such as 4% chlorhexidine.

Corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation. You can apply them directly to your skin (topical steroids) or your doctor may inject them directly into your abscesses (intralesional steroids), or they can be taken by mouth as tablets (systemic steroids).

If you are pregnant or considering becoming pregnant, speak with your dermatologist as steroids might not be safe for the foetus.

For people who experience flare ups before their period, hormonal treatment may be suitable. Hormonal treatments are oral medications that come in several forms, including anti-androgen treatment (such as a contraceptive pill) and anti-diabetic medication.

Retinoids are vitamin-A-based medicines prescribed by a dermatologist. They can prevent hair follicles from becoming blocked, and they can also help reduce inflammation.

Retinoids can be dangerous for a developing foetus, so they can’t be taken during pregnancy or for a period of time before getting pregnant. If you’re pregnant or planning to conceive within the next three years, they’re not recommended. If there’s a chance you could become pregnant, you will need to use contraception while taking them. Talk to your dermatologist about your options if this is the case for you.

Systemic treatments are oral tablets that work by suppressing the function of the immune system, which reduces inflammation. The side effects can be severe, so the benefits need to be weighed against the risks.